aOne possible reason is that investors do not have access to information about the probability that the loan guarantee will be exercised, and that they rely on the auditor's opinion that this is unlikely when valuing firms. 一个可能的原因是投资者不得以进入对信息的关于可能性贷款担保将行使,并...
probabilityrisksensitivity to probabilityThe question addressed in the present research is whether in naturalistic risky decision environments people are sensitive to information about the probability parameter. In Study 1, we showed that in naturalistic scenarios participants generally revealed little interest...
直观的理解是,如果刺激s不固定时,r的不确定性H(r)大;s固定时,r的不确定性H(r|s)小,那么相应的两个不确定性之差,即信息熵I(r,s)就大,我们就可以称r能比较好的反映s的变动或特征(Responds are more informative about the identity of stimulus.) 对于互信息量而言,因为I(X,Y)=I(Y,X),所以输入信...
In many cases, we are interested in the probability of some event, given that some other event has happened. This is called aconditional probability. We denote the conditional probability that y = y \mathrm{y}=y y=y given x = x \mathrm{x}=x x=x as P ( y = y ∣ x = x ) P...
0.259109— float value, corresponding to the probabilityP(I = V)that user has averticalintent V, i.e., he or she is interested more in the vertical documents than in organic web documents.If you do not want any of this intent stuff just put0in this column. We assume that the user ...
1e). This is consistent with previous findings about the effect of reward predicting cues on the activity of mPFC neurons6. The distribution of firing rates throughout the population of recorded neurons was similar for both conditions, showing a bias to lower firing rates (Fig. 1f). In ...
We defined the probability that performance on easy trials was equal to performance on difficult trials by the fraction of samples that fell above zero. The reported one-tailed P values were equal to that fraction. Psychometric curves from trials after correct (error) responses were computed by ...
The authors then assessed the works cited by those conference attendees within two years of the meeting. They found that for attendees who had multiple schedule conflicts with a liked talk, the probability of later citing that talk was 2.6%. But for attendees who did not have a conflict, tha...
Although considerable research supports the probability of a gene–environment interaction in the development of information processing (e.g., Rutter, Moffitt, & Caspi, 2006), the focus here will be on social–environmental influences. Specifically, interpretation biases may be learned behaviors. Childr...
The information entropy of a word is determined by the probability of the event occurring. To calculate the probability of a word occurring in the data set, we divide the number of times the word occurs in a sentence by the total number of sentences, denoted as p(w). Similarly, the ...