Infection by enveloped viruses proceeds by fusion of viral and cellular membranes which transfers the genetic material of the virus into the cell. The membrane fusion potential of influenza glycoprotein hemagglutinin is generated by proteolytic cleavage of a biosynthetic precursor into two disulfide-linked...
Influenza virus infection is detected by multiple pattern recognition receptors. Within the infected cells, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) detects the 5′-triphosphorylated RNA of replicating viral genomes, whereas in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) detec...
The fate of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in the host cell depends on the balance between cellular defence mechanisms and viral evasion strategies. To illuminate the landscape of IAV cellular restriction, we generated and integrated global genetic loss-of-function screens with transcriptomics and...
To summarize, TCM has a significant therapeutic effect on H1N1 influenza virus infection, with its mechanism of action being closely related to the regulation of intestinal flora. Fig. 1 After infecting the lungs, IAV can alter the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota, leading to comp...
1.1Influenza virus Influenza is an infection of the human respiratory tract caused by an influenza virus (Smith, Andrewes, & Laidlaw, 1933). Each year, approximately 5–10% of the world population is infected with this virus. In nonrisk individuals, influenza usually causes a self-limiting upp...
Influenza A virus can only multiply within the cells of the body it infects, because it needs to use the cellular machinery of the host. When infection occurs, the virus enters into the cell and releases its genetic material and some proteins. But these viruses have an unusual peculiarity: ...
Like all obligate intracellular pathogens, influenza A virus (IAV) reprograms host cell’s glucose and lipid metabolism to promote its own replication. However, the impact of influenza infection on white adipose tissue (WAT), a key tissue in the control
Seasonal influenza, also known as “the flu”, is an acute infection that occurs through the influenza virus (IAV) that has segmented, single-strandedRNAwith a negative sense. This virus is transmitted by direct contact with the patients and thecoughof an infected individual, which allows ...
An investigation was made of the degree of inhibition produced by normal rabbit serum upon the PR8/S and PR8/X strains of influenza virus after they had been heated to 56°C. for various periods of time. The inhibitory titre of the serum rose when tested against virus which had been hea...
inflammasomes required its localization to the Golgi apparatus and was dependent on the pH gradient. Our results show a mechanism by which influenza virus infection activates inflammasomes and identify the sensing of disturbances in intracellular ionic concentrations as a previously unknown pathogen-...