The efficacy of the seasonal influenza vaccine is influenced by several factors, such as change of viral antigenicity, mismatch of vaccine strain with the circulating virus, short duration of protection, slow manufacturing processing, lack of cross-reactivity, and poor immunogenicity in certain...
Those who have missed the flu shot can still get the vaccine during an outbreak. However, the best method of prevention is to get the shot prior to the flu season. For more travel information, check the CDC National Center for Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Information, Influenza (Flu...
To protect yourself from the flu and stop its spread, you need a flu vaccine. Learn what it is and when to get it to help keep your family well. The flu shot is a form of the vaccine that you get in your arm. Some years, you can get it as a nasal spray instead. Flu vaccines...
Influenza A viruses pose a significant threat globally each year, underscoring the need for a vaccine- or antiviral-based broad-protection strategy. Here, we describe a chimeric monoclonal antibody, C12H5, that offers neutralization against seasonal and pandemic H1N1 viruses, and cross-protection again...
First, the strain of virus must be isolated and vaccine produced in sufficient quantities for distribution. However, improved cell culture techniques in vaccine manufacture have decreased the preparation time compared with traditional egg-based technology.54 Second, the ability to perform safety and ...
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Sequence comparison between the extracellular domain of M2 protein human and avian influenza A virus provides new information for bivalent influenza vaccine design. Microbes Infect/Institut Pasteur. 2005;7(2):171–7. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.10.006. 50. Holsinger LJ, Lamb RA. Influenza virus ...
However, due to antigenic drift and shift, the most widely used inactivated influenza vaccine needs to be updated and individuals re-inoculated annually. Although there is no cross-protection between different subtypes of influenza viruses in natural infections [7], increasing evidence suggests that ...
Moreover, faced with sporadic pandemics resulting from antigen shift, herd immunity cannot be achieved in the short time that exists before an adequate supply of vaccine is available6–8. Thus, antiviral drugs are also available to treat influenza in the early stage of infection, mitigating the ...