Which of the following statements about the 1918 flu is TRUE according to the passage? A. Wearing a mask was the best way to treat it. B. A younger person had a lower risk of being infected with it. C. People expected the coming of its second wave, but couldn't stop it. D. I...
Evolution and virulence of influenza viruses Between worldwide outbreaks, known aspandemics, influenza viruses undergo constant, rapidevolution(a process calledantigenic drift), which is driven bymutationsin thegenesencodingantigenproteins. Periodically, the viruses undergo major evolutionary change by acquirin...
Consequently, respiratory symptoms of nasal congestion, dry cough, and some breathing problems help distinguish the flu from food poisoning. QUESTION Which illness is known as a viral upper respiratory tract infection? See Answer What causes the flu? Influenza virus information Influenza viruses cause...
Influenza is an important public health concern. We propose a new real-time influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance system that utilizes a nationwide prospective drug utilization monitoring in Korea. We defined ILI-related claims as outpatient claims that contain both antipyretic and antitussive agents...
The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape...
Influenza is an under-appreciated cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 20 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 97% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also esti
ranging in size from 100 to over 300nm [3]. Spikes consisting of HA and NA project from the surface of virions at a ratio of roughly 4:1 in influenza A viruses (Fig.1) [3]. The viral envelope is also associated with the matrix (M2) protein which forms a tetrameric ion channel....
PQS were not randomly distributed in the 8 segments of the G4-EA-H1N1 genome, the highest frequency of PQS being found in the NP segment (1.39 per 1000 nt), which is considered a potential target for antiviral therapy. In contrast, no PQS was found in the NS segment. Analyses of ...
Improved understanding of influenza antigen structure and immunobiology is advancing novel vaccine candidates into human trials.This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access optionsAccess through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature...
1d, e). In addition, we found that cytosolic mtDNA release was significantly enhanced by infection with recombinant influenza virus lacking the NS1 gene (ΔNS1), which is known to induce large amounts of type I IFNs21 and commonly used as a potent IFN inducer, compared with that of WT ...