The 1918 influenza – the Spanish flu – killed an estimated 6% of South Africans. Not all were equally affected. Mortality rates were particularly high in districts with a large share of black and coloured residents. To investigate why this happened, we transcribed 39,482 death certificates ...
This chapter aims to give the reader an understanding about the fight against influenza in South Africa. The author has conducted interviews with leading South African scientists and practitioners, and viewed government policies. South Africa is mostly concerned with other communicable diseases like HIV...
correspond to the predicted ‘base size’ of a (sub)type’s epidemic given that (i) the previous substantial circulation of that (sub)type was in the previous season, (ii) there was no circulation of that (sub)type in the previous season, or (iii) there was no circulation in the prev...
Vascular calcification is a marker of increased cardiovascular risk. Vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP) is important in inhibiting calcification... RJMW Rennenberg,BJV Varik,LJ Schurgers,... - 《Blood》 被引量: 139发表: 2010年 加载更多研究点推荐 hemagglutinin HA gene South Africa 0...
Previous studies reported secondary attack rates (SAR) of 4-10% for laboratory-confirmed influenza in the household. Few have been conducted in middle-income countries. 关键词: Influenza Secondary infection risk Household transmission Serial interval South Africa 年份: 2015 ...
We monitored household contacts of influenza cases in South Africa to identify transmission.Household contacts were checked for development of symptoms and laboratory-confirmed influenza.Transmission (secondary infection risk) was higher in this setting than previously reported. 关键词: Influenza Secondary in...
Trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2015 season in South Africa was assessed using a test‐negative case control study design. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant circulating strain. Overall influenza vaccine coverage was 3.2% (29/899). The vaccine effectiveness estimate,...
By convention, new isolates are designated by their serotype / host species / site of origin / strain designation / and year of origin and (HA [H] and NA [N] subtype); e.g., A/tern/South Africa/1/61 (H5N3). In humans, continual evolution of new strains occurs, and older s...
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but important cause of severe respiratory illness in the North and South American continents. It was first recognized in May 1993 during an outbreak of severe, and frequently fatal, respiratory disease in the four corners region of the USA...
in the southern cone of South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The distribution of virus subtypes by inf l uenza transmission zone 3 is shown in Map 1. Qualitative assessments of inf l u-enza severity in countries, in accordance with the Pandemic Inf l uenza Severity ...