Influenza is the last great uncontrolled plague of mankind. Pandemics and epidemics occur at regular time intervals. The influenza viruses are divided into the types A, B and C and show unique variability of their surface antigens (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase). Influenza viruses of type A show...
influenza A antisera. Reverse-transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(PCR) techniques and real-timePCR, which are rapid assays, have been developed for the detection and subtype identification of virus in clinical samples. Commercial antigen-detectionimmunoassayshave also been used for fast diagnosi...
influenza A subtypes. All of these subtypes have been found circulating among wild aquatic birds, their primary natural reservoir. From time to time, these viruses cross the species barrier, with some becoming established in another avian or animal species. In the past century, the infl...
The inflammatory response to influenza A virus (H1N1): An experimental and mathematical study. J. Theor. Biol. 374, 83–93 (2015). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Cao, P. et al. On the role of CD8+ T cells in determining recovery time from influenza virus infection. Front....
a steady progression of fluorescence recovery (Fig.4b, blue line). Not surprisingly, when the collection of FRAP events was averaged, the recovery profile obtained had a very large standard deviation (Fig.4c, left graph). The calculated half time of recovery was 2.9 s and the diffusion ...
9.2A Basic Influenza Model Since influenza epidemics usually come and go in a time period of several months, we do not include demographic effects (births and natural deaths) in our model. Our starting point is the simpleSIRmodel. Two aspects of influenza that are easily added are that there...
In the 16th century, an influenza pandemic was clearly documented for the first time. The name “influenza” was given to the illness around this time, based on the Latin word influentia, meaning influence, since it was thought to be due to a bad influence sent from the heavens. Since ...
Data from 86 participants were analyzed (homeopathy, n = 42; placebo, n = 44). There was no difference in time to recovery between the two groups (homeopathy, n = 41; placebo, n = 41; P = 0.56), nor in a sub-group that had at least 5 moderate to severe influenza-like symptoms...
A third bout of influenza started around the time of Christmas and New Year celebrations in the year shift 1918–19 and did not subside until March–April 1919. The third wave did not spread as fast as the first wave and was not as lethal as the second wave, probably because a large ...
derived from the 1918 pandemic strain which had persisted in pigs since that time. Although this virus was much less virulent than the 1918 influenza virus, it demonstrated the potential for recombination as a source of new influenza viruses with the ability to spread rapidly in the human ...