contains four genera: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, and Thogotovirus. The influenza viruses are known for periodically giving rise to pandemic outbreaks in humans. The different subtypes and strains of influenza viruses are distinguished by the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase anti...
There was no significant difference between means of the 2 doses 1.2 and 0.4 µg for HI, IgG and NI assays using a Student t-test. Unexpectedly, NI titers obtained with the B/Phuket VLP were higher than those for the H3N2 VLPs. This might be a bias induced by the ELLA assay ...
We found no significant difference in clinical severity by influenza B lineage, with the exceptions that (i) the Yamagata lineage infected older people than either Victoria lineage and (ii) fewer upper respiratory tract infections were caused by the Victoria 2 than the Victoria 1 clade. Overall,...
a,bPhylogenetic tree of 24 H1 (a) and 26 H3 (b) HA sequences used in the R3 panel. The tree was generated by NJ method and rooted with A/South Carolina/1/1918 (a) (not used in the study) or with A/Aichi/2/1968 (b). Distance scale bar indicates 1% difference in nucleotide i...
There are three genera of the family: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, and Influenzavirus C. The Influenzavirus A genus has one species, which is influenzavirus A. This virus naturally infects a range of species, especially migratory aquatic birds, and may be transmitted to animals and ...
A/H3N2 epidemic size, the estimated season effects (‘base sizes’) ranged from 0.17 (95% CI 0.04–0.31) in 2015/2016 to 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92) in 2016/2017: a difference of 0.66. Conversely, assuming the size of the previous season was the mean A/H3N2 season relative size (...
A previous report from our laboratory demonstrated no effect of testosterone on influenza-specific antibody responses following infection with live virus, which may reflect a fundamental difference in the impact of testosterone on immunity to influenza induced by infection versus vaccination.41 Previous stu...
1A&B). However, the extent and pattern of inhibition were remarkably distinct between the two lineages. Substantial growth deficits (3–5-log difference) were observed for all human IAV strains in MDCK-BNP at early time points of 12–24 h post-infection (hpi). However, the difference was...
showed no difference in vRNA levels compared with control cells (Fig. 1g), indicating that KCa1.1 plays a key role in the early steps of influenza virus infection. The early steps of influenza virus infection involve attaching to sialic acid receptors at the cell surface and internalization ...
A non-replicating recombinant adeno-associated associated virus (rAAV) having an AAV capsid having packaged therein a vector genome which comprises AAV inverted terminal repeat sequences and at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding four different immunoglobulin regions (a), (b), (c) and (d) ...