infiltration and inflow water (I/I-water) measures;measurements;wastewater 1. Introduction Wastewater systems are composed of components such as manholes, pipes, and pumping stations. All these components are affected by multiple factors such as aging and deterioration, and climate change, with an in...
The improper waterflow to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) due to rainwater inflow, and infiltration is a growing concern due to the many problems it brings to the sector, ranging from infrastructure deterioration to environmental problems caused by untreated wastewater and to the eventual financial...
The most abundant hydrologic soil group (HSG) is D soils, which have the highest runoff potential and very low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted. They mainly consist of clay soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high-water table, soils with a claypan or clay ...