Objective --Persistent embryonic connective tissue has been considered to be a cause of chronic otitis media with effusion in neonates and of cholesteatoma in later life. As part of a study of pneumatization and resorption of embryonic connective tissue from the middle ear of pre- and postnatal...
Objective -- Persistent embryonic connective tissue has been considered to be a cause of chronic otitis media with effusion in neonates and of cholesteatoma in later life. As part of a study of pneumatization and resorption of embryonic connective tissue from the middle ear of pre- and ...
Neurogenic inflammation is produced principally through release of neuromodulators, such as substance P and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), which leads to a breakdown of the blood-tissue barrier, edema, and release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the tears (Beuerman and Stern, 2005). ...
Psoriasis is a long-term inflammatory skin condition marked by an overabundance of keratinocytes and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the outer
which originate from bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cells [41]. On a functional point of view, macrophages and microglia are both plastic, adapting their phenotype to the local tissue micro-environment by changing their morphology, abundance, and distribution in response to insults [32,33,38,42,...
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) family comprises multiple mediators such as transforming growth factor-α, amphiregulin, heparin binding-EGF, and epiregulin, which are crucially involved in the tissue-specific proliferation/differentiation homeostasis. Typically, they act in an autocrine and paracrine ...
Objective. To investigate the effect of EA on regional cerebral blood flow, cognitive deficits, inflammation, and its probable mechanisms in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) rats. Methods. Rats were a...
G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases originally discovered for their role in G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) phosphorylation. Recent studies have demonstrated a much broader function for this kinase family incl
Excessive TGF-β signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction fuel chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, inhibiting TGF-β failed to impede CKD in humans. The proximal tubule (PT), the most vulnerable renal segment, is packed with giant mitochond
Inflammation, although necessary to fight infections, becomes a threat when it exceeds the capability of the immune system to control it. In addition, inflammation is a cause and/or symptom of many different disorders, including metabolic, neurodegenerat