A variety of noninfectious, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can mimic CNS infection, both acute and chronic. The focus of this chapter is on those that mimic acute CNS infection: allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, vasculitis and the collagen vascular diseases, Behcet...
Some viral infections may initiate a vasculitis, producing central nervous system (CNS) effects through brain infarcts or focal neurologic deficits (Nagel et al., 2008). In some cases, a combination of specific host factors and an infecting virus may produce indirect neurologic disease: this is ...
Stroke is a complication of many central nervous system (CNS) infections, but only a few present with stroke without other symptoms or signs of CNS infection. Chief among these are varicella zoster virus (VZV) and syphilis. Delayed cerebral vasculopathy after successful treatment of bacterial mening...
either during intrauterine development or in postnatal life [1]. Although the CNS is normally protected by the meninges and blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is more vulnerable to infectious agents than any other tissue, due to the lack of a true lymphatic system, the...
Nipah virus is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes an acute febrile encephalitic syndrome with high mortality rates.224, 225, 226 Pathology played a key role in identifying the causative agent. Histopathologic findings include vasculitis with thrombosis, microinfarctions, syncytial giant cells...
Epidemiology of an infectious disease (ID) involves the study of prevalence and incidence of infections to better understand the burden and causes among the populations. These are one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The study ranges from the search of novel pathogens, Causa...
Leptospirosis infection causes vasculitis and endothelial damage leading to inflammatory infiltrates, localized ischemia, and microhemorrhage. Most often, the liver is but one of numerous organs damaged by this organism. However, some strains demonstrate a unique hepa...
Introduction A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, resulting in a severe outbreak of pneumonia1; SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its pulmonary manifestations...
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Level 1: of all causes of encephalitis identified in France in 2007, 80% were human-to-human transmission diseases. Level 1: at-risk exposure is not synonymous with a confirmed exposure nor is it synonymous with infection. Level 1: the clinical benefit of new molecular methods (syndromic mult...