Choosing the right distribution strategy is essential to move your products efficiently to customers. So how do you determine the right distribution strategy? The first step is understanding the key difference between direct and indirect distribution: ...
In an indirect distribution model, companies use intermediaries to perform tasks like marketing, selling, storing, and shipping items to customers.In contrast to companies that use a direct distribution strategy (selling products to consumers directly), companies with indirect sales channels handle only...
Especially, as the complexity of interacted distributed operations increases under changeable conditions, it becomes a key issue to design the adaptive collaboration strategy considering the multiple network participants economic goals and interdependent factors that affect/restrict their viability. Hence, this...
3.3.1 On-Policy策略(On-Policy Strategy) 一个on-policy的策略,它的评估或改进的策略都是用于探索环境的策略。第一个想到的策略是贪婪策略,它总是选择具有最高价值的动作。这种选择的一个缺点是贪婪策略本身是确定性的,缺乏探索性,即只选择局部最优动作(locally best action),这剥夺了在足够的数据中的真正的最...
What is an example of a fixed cost? What is yield on cost? What is a hard cost contigency? What is a direct tax? What is cost of goods sold? What is total variable cost? What is a cost based strategy? What is gross domestic expenditure? What are operating expenses? What is a gros...
However, the effects of all these variations on for example preference and general appreciation are not well known. In the current study, we investigated the ratio of direct/indirect light and of lighting distribution on the ceiling in an open-plan office setting while keeping work-plane ...
Both the component weights as well as the component-specific distribution parameters of the mixture models are usually unknown and estimated from the data. For this purpose, a common strategy is the use of expectation-maximization (EM) [17]. The framework is also applicable in latent class regre...
During these hours, electricity prices drop below the generation cost of coal-fired units, thus a strategy of substituting purchased electricity for coal-fired unit generation to reduce operating costs. Although energy prices remain relatively high, energy storage systems start charging electricity and ...
and in vivo, and to reduce of bacterial wilt disease severity. To gain further insight into the potential prevalence of such a mechanism, we considered this strategy using a modeling approach targeting the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects on pathogen growth and disease severity....
Examining relationships between the return policy, product quality, and pricing strategy in online direct selling 2013, International Journal of Production Economics Show abstract Overview of coordination contracts within forward and reverse supply chains 2013, Journal of Cleaner Production Show abstract Prici...