the speed limit may be systematically varied on certain roads and the effect of this measured in terms of road accident statistics. The speed restrictions would be the independent variable, the road accident figures theDEPENDENT VARIABLE. However, in social research it is often not possible to set...
Department of Sociology, Waterloo University, Waterloo, ON, Canada ;Springer Science + Business Media, LLCAmerican SociologistGrills, S., & Prus, R. (2008). The myth of the independent variable: Reconceptualizing class, gender, race, and age as subcultural processes. American Sociologist, 39, (...
When observations in social research are selected so that they are not independent of the outcome variables in a study, sample selection leads to biased in... WRD Mare - 《Annual Review of Sociology》 被引量: 903发表: 1992年 Measuring individual differences in reaction norms in field and expe...
--the current process I(t) and the random variable R are statistically independent, Analysis of RLC Elements under Stochastic Conditions Using the First and the Second Moments Then the Tax Court in Rent-A-Center held that "[r]isk distribution occurs when an insurer pools a large enough collec...
Scientific Method and Dependent Variable of the relationship among the several factors that have been identified as important to the research problem concerned. To put it simply a theoretical framework involves identifying the network of relationship among the variables considered important to the study...
1 Most prior research finds that independent directors improve board effectiveness, firm performance, and firm value. There is limited research, however, on the conditions under which independent directors can contribute more to firm value. Using unique Chinese data, we shed light on this aspect by...
...(far-right wing voters versus their leftist ...as an independent variable to test this hypothesis... O Moufakkir - 《Annals of Tourism Research》 被引量: 18发表: 2014年 The Business of Climate Change: What's Ethics Got to Do with It? Page 1. The Business of Climate Change: ...
This study empirically analyzes whether gender diversity enhances boards of directors’ independence and efficiency. Using data from 3,876 public firm
In both Canada and the United States, immigrants often experience different residential outcomes than non-immigrants. Previous research often attributes th
We control for firm age and firm size, the proxy for the latter being (tangible) assets. In addition, to address the issues introduced by our measure of proactivity, we introduce a dummy variable corresponding to positive profits over the last 5 years.Footnote12We also control for the debt ...