The latent heat flux response can be decomposed to contributions from the air-sea surface temperature difference (\(\Delta {{{\rm{T}}}\)), surface wind speed (W), relative humidity (RH), and SST (\({T}_{s}\))53: $${Q}
Moreover, it is important to consider the potential limitations associated with the use of open-top chambers (OTCs) for applying treatment. OTCs may introduce unwanted ecological effects, such as chamber overheating and altered light, soil moisture, and wind speed, as well as increased air and...
Along with the economical development, Beijing's vehicle quantity grows unceasingly.This brings the huge pressure for the transportation, to at the end of this February, Beijing's vehicle already achieved 3,200,000, moreover still by daily 1000 speed increase. ...
Severe landfall typhoons (SLTYs), defined as those with maximum sustained wind speed ≥ 41.5 m sat landfalls, strongly affect the coastal regions of China and cause grave losses of life and property. In this study, we analyze the SLTYs in China in peak summer (July㏒eptember) for the ...
Reconciling the patterns of projected AR frequency changes between modeling studies is difficult not only because of different threshold-dependent ARDTs but also because AR projections depend on variable thermodynamic and dynamic physical quantities, like specific humidity and wind speed. Modeling studies ...
Hence, the terrain becomes hilly at these parts, influencing the wind field. The longer-term wind roses demonstrate the city’s typical airflow patterns. These are manifested by two dominant directions which are accompanied by higher speeds (Fig. 3, right panels and Fig. S4). The prevailing ...
Since observed weather data is unavailable for the spinup period before 1993, we used a stochastic weather generator (Fatichi et al., 2010) with parameters estimated based on the observed 25 years of weather data, including precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation (...
We measured train audibility at two locations per site as well as train speed by placing three sound recorders (SM2+GPS, Wildlife Acoustics, USA) in an array configuration (Fig. 1[a]). On the inside of each track curve where the straightaway began, one recorder was mounted on a tripod ...
In this respect we use two Ep datasets derived based on the Penman–Monteith method using: (a) the CRU database23 employing the mean, minimum and maximum temperature, vapour pressure, cloudiness and monthly climatology of wind speed available after 1901; and (b) the Princeton Global Forcing (...
Fig. 3: Historical trends in temperature and wind speed on the Southern North Sea coast. Historical trends of a air temperature, b sea surface temperature, and c wind speed within the sampling region from 1880 to 2020. For each environmental parameter both the overall change including all indiv...