Egypt and Tunisia are perceived to have high levels of inequality, yet based on standard measures, inequality in these two countries is not unusually high. In this study we explore a different dimension of inequality in Egypt and Tunisia by using a more complete measure of income and ...
For the system-GMM, an extra level of instrumentation is done where the original levels are instrumented with differences (Arellano and Bover,1995). This is also known as a two-step transformation which prevents data loss associated with the difference GMM (Ullah et al.,2018). ...
The term “marginal propensity to emit” states that at different income levels, people have different marginal propensity to consume carbon intensive goods as they alter their consumption pattern. As individuals get richer, they tend to spend more on high-carbon products that they could not afford...
(income Gini/consumption Gini) is 1.12, ranging from only 1.07 in the East Asia and Pacific region and in Europe and Central Asia, to 1.30, or close to 1.30, in North America and South Asia, reaching intermediate levels of 1.23 in the Middle East and North Africa and 1.20 in Latin ...
income,income distribution,income groups,income growth,income levels,Infant mortality,Inflation,Inflation rates,interest rate,interest rates,intermediate goods,... Marsden, Keith - 《World Bank》 被引量: 296发表: 1983年 Equity and growth in developing countries : old and new perspectives on the poli...
Development, income distribution, and social change in rural Egypt, 1952-1970 I review the literature on the effects of inequality on growth and development in the developing world. Two stylized facts emerge from empirical studies: i... M Abdelfadil 被引量: 42发表: 1975年 The development of ...
Here I am at the Pyramids in Egypt And The Taj Mahal in India Diving of the coast of Thailand And the Tower Bridge in England Exploring the ancient Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia Cruising the bays of Vietnam Hiking 550 miles in 30 days in Spain ...
Formal and Informal Credit Markets in Egypt (1995). Income smoothing and consumption smoothing. The journal of economic perspectives, 103-114.Mohieldin, M. S. and Wright, P. 2000 . Formal and ... M Mohieldin,P Wright - 《Economic Development & Cultural Change》 被引量: 161发表: 1994年...
levels of development also pose a potential problem because of differences in the relative importance of the consumption of nonmarket goods. The local market value of all consumption in kind (including own production, particularly important in underdeveloped rural economies) should be included in total...
Statistical Concept and Methodology:Inequality in the distribution of income is reflected in the share of income or consumption accruing to a portion of the population ranked by income or consumption levels. The portions ranked lowest by personal income receive the smallest shares of total income. Da...