Increase as income levels in China 翻译结果2复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 正在翻译,请等待... 翻译结果3复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 Along with increase in income level 翻译结果4复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 Our residents by increasing levels of income ...
This article examines the relationship between market distance, inter-provincial income levels and urban-rural income inequality in China. It uses the curve estimation method to determine the best-fit models for the relationship. Regions near the market are found to have high urban and rural income...
Therefore, the general accepted measurement that is used to measure the difference of income levels of different industries, namely, using average salary of industries to reflect average income of industries, failed in China. The average salary of Chinese civil servants is slightly lower than the ...
The divergence of human capital levels across cities Pap. Reg. Sci. (2005) P.P. Combes et al. Spatial wage disparities: sorting matters! J. Urban Econ. (2008) Z. Liu Institution and inequality: the Hukou system in China J. Comp. Econ. (2005) Z. Lu et al. Rural–urban migration ...
How isHigh Income in ChinaCalculated? The Chinese government defines “high income inchinagroups” as those with yearly salaries and incomes over a certain level. Formal income (pay and bonuses from employers) and informal income (bartering, tips, and the like) meet these levels, which vary ...
In urban areas, the declining role of subsidies and entitlements, the increase in wage inequality and the layoffs during restructuring, have fueled the growth in inequality within urban areas. Poverty levels, however, are very low. We find that spatial (regional) dimensions of inequality are ...
From China's actual situation,income inequality, arising primarily from the two levels. 从中国的现实情况来看, 收入不平等主要产生于两个层面. 互联网 Growingincome inequalityand a rising poverty rate have become big issues. 收入差距的扩大和日益上升的贫困率成为大的问题. ...
A recent study by Brandt and Holz (2004) provides estimates of differences in the cost of living across urban and rural areas for all provinces in China. Using these estimates, we adjust incomes for spatial price differences and then recalculate the urban-rural income gap and levels of ...
in which the income difference and habit formation are analyzed to understand the influence of different income levels on the consumption behavior of urban households.A survey was conducted to collect data about different income levels of urban households in 26 provinces in China from 2000 to 2009....
Distribution pattern of households' income inequality in Eastern Cape, South Africa: Application of regression-based decomposition of inequality Income inequality is a pervasive problem in South Africa and particularly affects the Eastern Cape, where poverty levels remain high despite several effort... SO...