Social security, public education and the growth-inequality relationship We study how the relationship between economic growth and inequality depends upon the levels of funding of two of the largest government programs, public e... G Glomm,M Kaganovich - 《European Economic Review》...
The United States has frequently been described as a welfare state "laggard" because its levels of expenditures on social policies are low compared with those of other industrialized nations and because it has not adopted certain programs (e.g., a child benefit) that are common in other ...
and the gradual improvement of the social security system, China's social security coverage and benefit levels have been significantly increased, and the overall redistribution effect of social security has been enhanced. Social security transfer income narrowed the income gap, while social security ...
Income of new retired workers by social security benefit levels: findings from the New Beneficiary Survey 来自 Semantic Scholar 喜欢 0 阅读量: 20 作者: C Irick 摘要: This article, based on New Beneficiary Survey (NBS) data, examines the sources and amounts of income available to newly ...
IMF Staff Papers - Figure 5 for article: Mortality and Lifetime Income: Evidence from U.S. Social Security Records Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we calculate the relationship between socio-economic status and a utility based measure of annuity v... IS Papers - 《Im...
This note examines that question by comparing the social security taxes and Federal income taxes for single and married workers (without additional dependents) at three wage levels for selected years from 1937, the first year of social security taxes, through 1980. 展开 ...
for a non-linear impact of income distribution on social tolerance. This impact appears to be U-shaped and displays a pronounced degree of asymmetry. Also, labour market position, education, class self-identification, gender, age, marital status, levels of individuals’ personal security and ...
(adjusting for taxes, social security, unemployment, welfare, etc. but not capital gains) for the bottom 80% peaked in 2000 before declining, and remaining stagnant through the decade (despite personal consumption being a higher and higher portion of the GDP), and it is now declining as the...
A frequently used tool formeasuring income inequalityis the Gini Index. It was developed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini in the early 1900s to help quantify and more easily compare income inequality levels across countries of the world.4The index can range from 0 to 100, with a higher le...
If your income is below certain thresholds, you are eligible for the federal earned income tax credit (EIC or EITC), a refundable tax credit that can reduce your tax bill or even result in a refund of taxes paid during the year. The income levels and the credit amounts vary depending on...