These result in high out-of-pocket expenditure, erosion of trust in the system, and reduced service utilization. Implementing regulations remain constrained not only due to lack of institutional capacity but also political commitment. Lack of good governance encourage frontline health care providers to...
The chronic nature of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and costs associated with long-term care can result in catastrophic health expenditure for the patient and their household pushing them deeper into poverty and entrenching inequality in society. As the full financial burden of NCDs is not known, ...
Despite considerable research and policy attention over the past four decades, substantial inequalities in mortality and morbidity persist [1,2,3], and relative inequalities have increased across most European countries [4]. In several high-income countries, particularly the UK and the USA, overall ...