While 55% of EM cases were observed among females, more males reported extracutaneous manifestations: 56% of NB cases (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and 53% of LA cases (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3) affected males. We observed significant differences in clinical manifes...
By 2050, the model projected that lung cancer incidence inequality would almost double (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR)=4.2 in 2050 vs. 2.5 in 2005) in men and slightly decrease (IRR=2.4 in 2050 vs. 2.7 in 2005) in women compared to what was observed in 2005. If annual increase in ...
Estimated smoking exposure response of the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals for specified lag periods (years). IRR is computed using the reference level of 50% smoking prevalence (i.e. the mean across all lags and countries). Accordingly, the IRR = 1 at smoking...
The dementia incidence rate ratio (IRR) following any infection was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.47-1.52) and increased along with increasing numbers of infections in a dose-dependent manner. Dementia rates were increased for all infection sites in the short term, but not always in the long term. The ...
COVID-19 NPIs were associated with a 37.9% decrease in the prevalence (prevalence ratio, 0.621; 95% confidence interval, 0.465-0.830), 52.2% decrease in the incidence (risk ratio, 0.478; 0.377-0.606), and 40.4% increase in the clearance (risk ratio, 1.404; 1.212-1.627) of HPV of any ...
Early terminators had 1.21 times the hazard of dementia diagnosis compared with routine users (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.30). In mediation analysis, contributions to this association by changes in HbA1c level or insulin use ranged from no contribution (0.00 years; 95% CI, −...
Following up the same group of participants for a long time has its limitations which may demand careful interpretation of the data. Firstly, there may be a systematic selection of those participants that are less likely to seroconvert thereby leading to a possible underestimation of the true inc...
The association (risk ratio) between potential risk factors and preterm birth was modeled using binomial regression with a log link function; generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation structure were used to adjust standard errors to account for clustering [16, 17]. In case of ...
Our analysis showed a similar number of simultaneous hermaphrodites in shallow (≤ 200 m) waters and depths > 400 m (ratio 1:1.2). Even assuming that all of the 126 species of Aulopiformes mentioned in Baldwin and Johnson (1996) for which we could not confirm their sexual system ...
Incidence rates in CFAS I and II for six 5 year age groups are shown in Fig. 2. The reduction in incidence is calculated as an incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6–1.0, P=0.08, Poisson regression, N=10,444). Table 1 Incidence rates per 1,000 person years by age ...