Each heart beat or contraction is initiated by generation of an action potential in the SA node; the electrical impulse spreads over both atria, causing them to contract, and on to the atrioventricular (AV) node. From the AV node it spreads through the bundle of His and down the Purkinje ...
IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that induces the proliferation and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, regulates the functions of mast cells and macrophages, and inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines. Five studies measured IL-4 levels during the interictal period: levels increase...
Too many nitrates "over enrich" these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. What’s the Solution?
In contrast to the wealth of proven therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), therapeutic efforts in the past have failed to impr
Although aging has traditionally been viewed as the most important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence has highlighted the association between metabolic abnormalities and OA, particularly in younger individuals. Metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and ty...
Mental health problems often involve clusters of symptoms that include subjective (conscious) experiences as well as behavioral and/or physiological responses. Because the bodily responses are readily measured objectively, these have come to be emphasize
Many ATAAD patients die, either before antemortem diagnosis or treatment, due to aortic rupture, tamponade, malperfusion phenomena, and heart failure secondary to aortic regurgitation or coronary malperfusion. The untreated mortality of type A dissection has been reported to be approximately 1% to 2%...
The mechanisms underlying the potential benefit of VNS in heart failure remain poorly understood. The cervical vagus is a mixed nerve containing sensory and motor fibers at an approximate ratio of 4:1. The nerve bundle contains branches that innervate most of the viscera and sparse sympathetic fibe...
We show that precision medicine in human heart modeling does not necessarily require a fully personalized, high-resolution whole heart model with an entire personalized medical history. Instead, we advocate for creating personalized models out of population-based libraries with geometric, biological, ...
SFI originates from Shenfu decoction, a well-known traditional herbal prescription recorded in Sheng Ji Zong Lu the 1100 s. SFI injection was officially approved in 1987 by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)15. SFI is used to treat shock, congestive heart-failure (CHF) and arrhy...