For a personally conducted interview, after the person interviewed, state the type of interview (e.g. personal interview, telephone interview, etc.), followed by a period. Conclude the citation with the date the interview was conducted, followed by a period. For the interview date, write the ...
In this guide, we explain how to do in-text citations for MLA, APA, and Chicago, as well as discuss the difference between parenthetical and narrative citations, the two types of in-text citations. But first, let’s take a closer look at what an in-text citation is and when you ne...
InMLA format, just like in other academic styles like APA and the Chicago Manual of Style, there are two ways to cite a source: in text and in the works cited (or bibliography) page. In-text citation In MLA format, an in-text citation for a speech or lecture is fairly simple. It’...
Personal communications are cited in the text, but not included in the reference list. Example Another researcher stated that the results so far looked “very promising” (A. Smith, personal communication, July 15, 2015). TipTry Scribbr’s free APA Citation Generator to create your citations ...
APA in-text citation (Tokarczuk, 2021) More academic magazines may list a DOI, much like a journal article. Always use a DOI if one is available; otherwise, try to find a stable URL on the page (e.g. under a “Share” button). APA format Last name, Initials. (Year, Month Day)....
A narrativeAPA in-text citationandAPA parenthetical citationare somewhat similar but have some minor differences. Check out our helpful guides, and others, on EasyBib.com! Wondering how to handle these types of references in other styles? Check out our page onAPA format, or choose frommore styl...
Citing an unpublished personal letter in APA style For citing an unpublished personal letter in APA style, the surname and year are used in the narrative and parenthetical formats. In-text citation template and example: Narrative: F.M. Surname (personal communication, Month Day, Year ) A. John...
In-text citation structure & examples: (Presenter First Initial., Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year of presentation) (L. Koerte, personal communication, March 17, 2021) L. Koerte (personal communication, March 17, 2021) ...
For example, this expanded in-text citation would appear as such: (K. Morris, personal communication, November 30, 2012) Citing a Professor’s Formal Address in APA If the professor gives a formal address—not just a classroom lecture—it would be cited as a presentation. To cite the forma...
APA in-text citation (Elgafy & Lafdi, 2010) Scribbr Citation CheckerNew The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as: Missing commas and periods Incorrect usage of “et al.” Ampersands (&) in narrative citations Missing reference entries Learn more Citing a confere...