How are in-kind transfers considered in determining whether a family is below the poverty income threshold? Transfer Payments: Transfer payments are defined as the disbursements, commonly made by local or federal governments, to i...
Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, in Handbook of Public Economics, 2013 6.3 In-Kind Transfers As we discussed in Section 3, the largest transfer programs are in-kind rather than cash. OECD countries in general provide universal public health care benefits and public education. They also often provid...
Welfare programs are often implemented in-kind to promote outcomes that might not be realized under cash transfers. This paper tests whether such paternalistically motivated transfers are justified compared to cash, using a randomized co... JM Cunha - 《American Economic Journal Applied Economics》 ...
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Support has shifted away from monthly cash transfers towards tax credits and in-kind benefits, and has expanded for working families while declining for those without earnings. Resources available to married-parent families have expanded, whereas those for adults without dependents remain scant. We ...
Note that we need to use a somewhat expansive definition of equality for there to be enough variation in Equal RC status to test Prediction 2. We show robustness to coding the main residual claimant variable to match the Equal RC status variable. By constructing a continuous measure of ...
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an integration of the resource-based view and transaction cost economics. Management Science, 45(8): 1109-1124. Leveraging knowledge for diversification. 5. Miller, D. 2006. Technological diversity, related diversification, and firm performance. Strategic ...
(2011) study the effect of a particular type of in-kind transfers – food stamps – on food expenditures and find mixed evidence.8 Our contribution differs from these studies in two ways. First, whereas empirical studies on food stamps and child benefits necessarily target households defined by...
landowners, whereas the regional level did not have to endure the same kind of political pressure [interview Uebigau–Wahrenbrück]. In addition, the regional planning office coordinates regional plans with mayors before publication to exclude procedural errors [interview #15 of 28.05.21]. It also...