Meiosis in humans occurs in specialized cells of the testes in men and the ovaries in women. Whereas mitosis creates cells identical to the original to replace dead cells or contribute to the growth of the whole organism, meiosis generates cells called gametes designed to fuse with gametes from...
such as inversions, that prevent movement of sex-determining factors between a homologous pair of chromosomes16,17,20,48. However, a small portion—the PAR—continues recombining and aids in chromosome segregation as well as pairing during meiosis17,20...
Sasaki thinks he’s close. In unpublished work, he says he has managed to push the immature sperm cells one step further along the path to maturity, and that these cells have started to undergo meiosis. Once meiosis is completed, the sperm could be used to fertilize an egg, even if they...
But these plants have not grown from seeds; they have reproduced from bulbs. Bulbs enable plants to reproduce asexually, that is, without producing gametes. It usually results in the production of identical offspring, although there are random mutations. ...
In humans, males have lower recombination rates than females over the majority of the genome, but the opposite is usually true near the telomeres. These broad-scale differences have been known for decades, yet little is known about differences at the fin
We observed that CEB1 is destabilized in meiosis, resulting in a variety of intra- and inter-allelic gains or losses of repeat units, similar to rearrangements described in humans. Using mutations affecting the initiation of recombination (spo11) or mismatch repair (msh2 pms1), we demonstrate...
Early development is a key process of the life history of fish. However, the relationship between the transcriptome and the dynamic regulation of early development is still uncharacterized in the bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). In the present
This results in a decrease in the fluidity of sperm membranes, benefiting the reception of signals of fertilization. Prostasomes can also resist sperm damage to increase sperm cell viability and help fertilization as a buffer in the acidic environment of the vagina[42, 43]. These mechanisms are...
(XY) enter the seminiferous cords, become gonocytes, and are arrested in G0/G1 phase of cell cycles until birth.26,27,28In neonatal testis, the gonocytes resume to divide and differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which then give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the ...
Ongoing studies in many species seek to understand the origins, architecture and consequences of phenotypic variation under normal and dysfunctional conditions, with the aim of identifying targets for intervention that can prevent, stabilize or reverse d