a smaller vocabulary generally yields lower perplexity, as it is easier to predict the next word in a sequence (Koenecke et al.,2020). The interpretation is as follows: If perplexity equals 5, it means that the next word in a text can be predicted with an accuracy of 1-in-5 (...
Figure 2. Results confirm that the bullwhip effect will not exist (i.e., OVR = 1), as long as there is no updating of demand forecast (𝛼=0α=0) regardless of the value of 𝜌ρ or Ld [11,28,37]. The setting of 𝛼=0α=0...
Moreover, a complete surface satisfying the above conditions has to be the entire graph of F : ( x 1 , x 2 ) ∈ R 2 ↦ h ( x 1 , x 2 ) y 0 ∈ R 1 , 1 , where h is a harmonic function and y 0 is a null vector. As showed in the proof of Theorem 4.3 in [6],...
For each JAR file entry, at least one of the signers must be trusted. A signer is considered "trusted" if and only if its certificate is equals to the embedded provider signing certificate.The following sample code loops through all the certificate chains, compares the first certificate in a...
Figure 2 illustrates the first three steps of the TrendSegment procedure. We devote the following four sections to describing each step above in order. Fig. 1 Multiscale decomposition of the data through the TGUW transform when the data has no change-points (a, b) or one change-point (c...
Figure 1 Gravity-induced waves in a gyroscopic waveguide: (a) \(\beta =0\), no chirality; (b) \(\beta =2\), rotational motion is observed along the waveguide—the arrow shows the orientation of the rope rotation. Full size image ...
Rather than using an STL vector or map, a simpler approach is to use the system I've already built, namely, ManWrap. Figure 8 shows how I wrapped GroupCollection. It's what you'd expect, only now there's a new macro, DECLARE_COLLECTION, that does the same thing as DECLARE_WRAPPER,...
The model contains the interactions of gauge bosons and vector-like leptons, \begin{aligned}{} & {} -{\mathcal {L}}_{\textrm{VG}} = -e \gamma {\bar{E}}_{1,2} \gamma ^\mu E_{1,2} + Z{\bar{E}}_i \gamma ^\mu (L_{i...
This document describes what you need to do in order to integrate your provider into Java SE so that algorithms and other services can be found when Java Security API clients request them.
Consider, for example, the class definition for the two-dimensional vector show at the top of Figure 3. A couple of interesting ideas come out of this. First, notice that there is no explicit constructor body; the parameters on the first line indicate the parameters by which people will con...