, Evolutionary psychology in the business sciences (pp. 95-134). Berlin: Springer.Michael E. Price and Dominic D. P. Johnson, “The adaptationist theory of cooperation in groups: Evolutionary predictions for organizational cooperation, ” in Evolutionary Psychology in the Business Sciences , Gad ...
However, the evolutionary rise and maintenance of these interactions constitutes an unresolved puzzle, since genotypes that do not contribute to the production of costly metabolites may have a selective advantage over producers. One theory, known as the Black Queen (BQ) Hypothesis9, suggests that in...
Evolutionary game theory is integrated into an epidemiological model to represent human behavioral choices. The proposed model can be developed to forecast the demand for pharmaceuticals and analyze how human behavior affects the demand of pharmaceuticals. This study found that making people aware of ...
Based on water flow and energy flow, it includes a series of processes, such as constraints, feedback, and adaptation, between and within each subsystem. Based on the understanding of the WEF system, this paper selects the main elements from three subsystems, water, energy, and food, for ...
(1858) famously proposed that positive selection could explain the many marvelous adaptations that suit organisms to their environments and lifestyles, and this simple process remains the central explanation for all evolutionary adaptation yet today. Positive selection is by no means the only component ...
In 1877, Boltzmann provided in his kinetic theory of gasses an alternative interpretation of entropy. For Boltzmann entropy is a measure of the potential disorder in a system. This definition shifts the emphasis from energy dissipated through work to the number of unobservable configurations (microstat...
is hard to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical(结构上的) change.F.Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs,it is unclear how far the process might go.G.Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body volume,helping it to shed excess...
Reciprocal Population Transplant Experiments: A Test of Local Adaptation A rarely used but potentially powerful method of testing the adaptiveness of a (foraging) behavior is by testing an animal's (foraging) performance under natural conditions in its native habitat and then transplanting this animal...
This false dilemma appears also when considering unresolved issues in evolution or abiogenesis (“The RNA world did not resolve this problem. Thus, only creation is left as an option”; Reinikainen [2011]) or when discussing the potential moral dimensions of evolutionary theory. Obviously, the ...
A theory that can help explain why we respond poorly to modern conditions, despite the choices, safety and other benefits they bring, is evolutionary mismatch. Mismatch happens when an evolved adaptation, either physical or psychological, becomes misaligned with the environment. Take moths and s...