Covering a period of some 400 to 500 years up to the last decades of the nineteenth century, the author takes a wide range of examples from those societies whose levels of political organisation warrant the term 'states'. The arrangements for the exercise of power within these varied from ...
In a sense, the invention of peacebuilding in the early 1990s was akin to the advent of iPhone: its meteoric rise in the late 2000s did not result from the invention of new technology. Instead, it was an overarching interface that connected and repackaged existing technologies (i.e., music...
He praised the courage of Yoon and Kishida in mending ties fraught with historical baggage, stemming particularly from Japan's past colonial rule of Korea, calling it "a breathtaking kind of diplomacy." "It belongs on the top tier with respect to diplomatic initiatives of ...
Those wars caused extremely severe civilian casualties and property losses, and lead to colossal humanitarian disasters. Since 2001, US wars and military operations in the name of counterterrorism have killed more than 900,000 people, about 335,000 of whom w...
On the eve of independence in 1962, malnutrition was the largest single cause of death in Jamaica for children under one. Although child malnutrition rates have rapidly declined since 1962, today Jamaica experiences a double burden of malnutrition: the c
In Europe, Christian–Muslim relations ranged between brutal wars and an uneasy cohabitation. Within that European setting, the Jesuits tended to advocate a military advance against Muslims, not bothering too much with their conversion.8 In the course of their advancement in Asia, however, the ...
In the early to mid-nineteenth century, with pastoralism playing a significant role in European settler-colonial expansionism and the development of the capitalist colo nial economy, settlers were given a free rein to disperse and kill violently Indigenous populations (Moses 2004, 33; see also...
diplomacy remains the first option but we can’t exclude any action.” Canada, Guyana and Colombia refused to criticize the head of the OAS’ musings about an invasion of Venezuela.Alongside the head of the OAS, US President Donald Trump has publically discussed invading Venezuela. To the best...
For sure modern capitalism has brought an enormous development of the productive forces, as already forecasted by Karl Marx. The price was imperialist and colonial wars, and again an increasing inequality. The dissolution of the agricultural societies led to urbanization and social change: individualiza...
And yet, from an international perspective, the period from 1870 to 1913 was the age of laissez faire.12 Free trade was imposed not only in China, but also in other developing countries such as India, Japan and Latin American countries, through gunboat diplomacy or colonial dominance. In the...