The subsistence economy is primarily a place for learning. On the assumption that the subsistence economy provides for the basic needs of very many people, the above mentioned types of subsistence market activity, and especially the informal economy, should move into the sphere of the 'normal' ...
The world of work is undergoing a rapid transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated trends in the U.S. labor market that were already in motion, and jobs continue to change at an unprecedented pace. What roles and skills will be in demand? And how can individuals and companies adapt...
It may be a ladder you can rent out or a car you use to give rides; it may be your intellectual skills or physical labor, or a space that you have access to and sublet. All this points to the collaborative economy—one method corporations use to shift or share risk with individuals....
On average, over 11 million market entities including enterprises and self-employed individuals were newly registered with the tax authorities each year, and the central government met all of its annual targets for budgetary revenue. With VAT credit refunds taken into account, national fiscal revenue ...
proposal lights the path forward as the world fumbles for solutions, and represents china's contribution to global efforts to protect our shared home and create a better future of prosperity for all. to build a global community of share...
since income is a monetary flow while wealth is a stock. On the one hand, income depends on the returns that can be obtained from the possession of physical assets (such as land), from work itself or from the human capital embedded in individuals, among others. Wealth, on the other hand...
such as the "minimum contacts principle" and "doctrine of effects", are a willful expansion of the jurisdiction of US domestic laws. The US also abuses its domestic channels of prosecution to exercise long-arm jurisdiction over enti...
Being a regulated financial service, microlending requires individuals who engage with the service to enter some form of financial arrangement that involves either small loans, savings, insurance or payment services (Chen et al., 2017; Khavul, 2010; Pham & Lensink, 2007). Research recognises ...
However, too few women make it into high- quality professional and technical jobs, and the vast majority of African women work in low- paid, often subsistence, jobs in the informal economy. The region ha...
A large number of small and medium enterprises could not survive through the prolonged lockdown, resulting in a massive job losses [22] and further harming the subsistence of disadvantaged people [9]. The income loss increased hunger among Bangkok slums residents. The situation is worrying because...