To cause diseases, pathogens must first breach physical barriers and then successfully replicate and disseminate while avoiding destruction by immune system. The immune system control is achieved by two defence mechanisms: the innate immune defence, which consists in a non-specific mechanism present in...
and to the tissues of the host. Any breakdown in these functions of defence or tolerance can lead to disease. The number of individual structures that the immune system regularly encounters is vast and its responses fall into four general types: barrier function; recognition and deciphering; actio...
neoformans, demonstrating that an MPO-dependent oxidative system is an important host defence mechanism against fungal infections [233]. Heterozygous dominant mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) causes hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). HIES is characterized by impaired ...
Fever-range thermal stress promotes lymphocyte trafficking across high endothelial venules via an interleukin 6 trans-signaling mechanism. Nature Immunol. 7, 1299–1308 (2006). This study establishes that fever-range thermal stress acts through an IL-6 trans -signalling-dependent mechanism to ...
Bidirectional gut–brain communications are proving key to both gastrointestinal and neurological diseases. This Review explores the role of the mucosal immune system as gatekeeper and master regulator of these brain–gut and gut–brain communications. C
Experimental and clinical data have demonstrated that activating the immune system in the CNS can be destructive. However, other studies have shown that enhancing an immune response can be therapeutic, and several clinical trials have been initiated with the aim of boosting immune responses in the ...
W. (2012). Invertebrate lysozymes: Diversity and distribution, molecular mechanism and in vivo function. Journal of Biosciences, 37, 327–348. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar van Niekerk, G., & Engelbrecht, A. M. (2015). On the evolutionary origin of the adaptive immune system—the ...
The trace element zinc is essential for the immune system, and zinc deficiency affects multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. There are remarkable parallels in the immunological changes during aging and zinc deficiency, including a reduction i
Mechanism of foreign DNA selection in a bacterial adaptive immune system. Mol Cell. 2012;46:606–15. Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jore MM, Lundgren M, van Duijn E, Bultema JB, Westra ER, Waghmare SP, et al. Structural basis for CRISPR RNA-guided DNA recognition by ...
Mediator of the Immune System In subject area: Immunology and Microbiology 124 Immune checkpoints are mediators of the immune system that avert the immune system from the non-selective invasion of self-antigens. From: Clinical Immunology, 2023 About this pageSet alert Also in subject area: Medici...