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Common mechanisms of evasion include impaired antigen presentation caused by mutations or loss of heterozygosity of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), which has been implicated in resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy1,2,3. However, in pancreatic ductal ...
Moreover, autophagy is instrumental to unconventional protein secretion through diverse mechanisms, including the regulation of intracellular inflammatory signaling and the trafficking strategies that allow secretion of leaderless proteins, leading to the recently coined concept of "secretory autophagy." This ...
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and other methods to study the immunosuppressive mechanisms of QCCs. In addition, we deeply investigate the interactions between QCCs and immune cells, as well as the portrayal of glycolysis-related genes and the role of HIF1A through techniques such as transcriptome sequencing and functional enrichm...
Profound quantitative and qualitative dysfunction of numerous immune effector cell types that confer anti-myeloma immunity further supports myelomagenesis, disease progression and the emergence of drug resistance. Identification of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms may direct the design of ...
mechanisms to gain a competitive advantage over immune cells in acquiring and utilizing glutamine [7,23]. On the other hand, immune cells face the challenge of acquiring enough glutamine to maintain their effector functions and combat the tumor [7]. The aforementioned evidence suggests that the ...
Therefore, increased efforts should focus on exploring innovative interventions that consider the complexities of the hypoxic tumor environment and the functional mechanisms of photosensitizers to optimize PDT application in managing deep-seated solid tumors like ovarian cancer and broaden its clinical utility...
Proinflammatory M1 macrophages have higher glucose consumption and lactate release than M2 macrophages, mainly relying on aerobic glycolysis, while anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).14,21With the immunometabolism rapidly developing, the mechanisms of macrophage ...
Further evidence for macrophage activation as one of the effector mechanisms of nonspecific anti-infectious protection. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 26, 285–299 (1988). References 180 and 181 demonstrate lymphocyte-independent, macrophage-dependent protection in a vaccination model against invasive candidiasis...