A recent study published in Cell Discovery explores the role of immune checkpoints in preventing tumor metastasis. The researchers found that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) evade immune surveillance by engaging immune checkpoints called HLA-E:CD94-NKG2A, HLA-C:KIR2DL1, and HLA-C:KIR2DL3. ...
NKG2A, encoded by killer cell lectin-like receptor C1 (KLRC1), belongs to the KLRC (also known as NKG2) family and is expressed in natural kill (NK) cells. The complex of NKG2A binding with CD94 participates in the recognition of the MHC I HLA-E molecules.80Blockade of the immune ch...
immune checkpoints is urgently needed to improve clinical options forcurrent therapies. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted increasing attention, not only due to their involvement in various aspects of cancer hallmarks, but also for their impact on immune checkpoints in shaping the tumor...
Cancer immunotherapy has largely been hindered by the ability of tumors to induce tolerance and escape the immune system. By targeting coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors in the immune system, it is possible to counteract the pathways that tumors ut
Fig. 12.Immune checkpoint blockade-associated injury. Immunohistochemistry for HLA-DR, a surrogate for interferon-gamma production, is diffusely positive in fulminant immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis. View article Impact of hypoxic tumor microenvironment and tumor cell plasticity on the expres...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 to boost tumor-specific T lymphocyte immunity have opened up new avenues for the treatment of various histological types of malignancies, with the possibility of durable responses and im
HLA-E class I molecule, which is ubiquitously expressed, represents the ligand of CD94/NKG2A. When bound to its ligand, CD94/NKG2A inhibits the T-cell effector function by recruiting the SHP-1 and SHP-2 phosphates by its cytoplasmic ITIM domain [128]. Thus, when activated, the CD94/...
(e.g., inducible co-stimulator/ICOS, OX40, 4-1BB) pathways have also emerged as targets [3]. Unfortunately, some limitations with immune checkpoint therapy are of concern including a response heterogeneity where some patients achieve a complete response (CR) but others never do. Furthermore,...
“三打白骨精”形象比喻,学术也会“浪漫” | #癌症免疫疗法 Highlights1,Distinct immune-tumor interactions in circulation, primary, and metastatic lesions2,CTCs escape from NK surveillance by hijacking immune checkpoint HLA-E:CD94-NKG2A3,Blockade of HLA-E:CD94-NKG2A prevents PDAC tumor metastasis vi...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically transformed the treatment landscape for various malignancies, achieving notable clinical outcomes across a wide range of indications. Despite these advances, resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (