India $1,251b Italy $2,318b Japan $4,849b Korea $931b Mexico $1,094b Netherlands $875b Norway $454b Debt Crisis Greece $349b Ireland $265b Italy $2,318b Portugal $253b Spain $1,601b All Countries with 2008 gdp bil usd Islamic Republ $10b Belgium $509b Cape ...
Harmonized prices: No Frequency of source data: Monthly Base year: 1991 Primary domestic currency: Ukrainian hryvnias Data last updated: 03/2012 17 Inflation, average consumer prices : See notes for: Inflation, average consumer prices (Index). 18 Inflation, end of period consumer prices : ...
【参考译文】2008年,《约翰斯·霍普金斯大学国际问题高级研究学院评论》显示,从20世纪70年代到80年代,每十年国际货币基金组织信用的平均总体使用量(按实际价值计算)增加了21%,而从80年代到1991年至2005年期间,这一数字又增加了略高于22%。另一项研究表明,自1950年以来,仅非洲大陆就从国际货币基金组织、世界银行及其...
State Finances: Meghalaya: Capital Account Surplus or Deficit (INR mn)-38,619.6802025每年1991 - 2025 State Finances: Madhya Pradesh: Capital Receipts (INR mn)9,619,546.0102025每年1991 - 2025 State Finances: Rajasthan: Revenue Account Surplus or Deficit (INR mn)-257,581.0...
国际货币基金组织(IMF)执行董事会完成了五年一度的特别提款权(SDR)货币篮子组成的审议工作。此次执董会审议的一个主要焦点是人民币是否符合现有标准,从而可以被纳入特别提款权货币篮子。 执董会决定认为,人民币符合所有现有标准,自2016年10月1日起,人民币被认定为可自由使用货币,并且将作为第五种货币,与美元、欧元...
From 2000 to 2022,Pakistan’s GDP per capita grew at an average annual rate of only 1.9 percent.By contrast,Pakistan’s peers achieved more than twice this rate:Bangladesh averaged growth of 4.5 percent, India reached 4.9 percent,Vietnam 5 percent,and China a growth of about 7.5 percent.As...
System generalized method-of-moments (GMM) estimators for dynamic panels (Arellano and Bond1991; Arellano and Bover1995; Blundell and Bond1998) have recently been utilized to allay concerns of endogeneity in IMF participation. Unlike standard instrumental variable approaches, this method does not assume...
1991,and financial conditions are held constant,near-term downside risk becomes elevated.Downside risk to growth is forecast to slightly lessen over the medium term,however,as ensuing deleveraging could support financial stability over timethe white dotted line depicting Scenario 2 in Figure 1.9,panel...
intensify its on-again, off-again talks with the leader of the country's largest democratic opposition party, 1991 Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu... A Reynolds,AC Stepan,Z Oo,... - 《Journal of Democracy》 被引量: 20发表: 2001年 India Pakistan Peace Process The peace process bet...
【参考译文】2008年,《约翰斯·霍普金斯大学国际问题高级研究学院评论》显示,从20世纪70年代到80年代,每十年国际货币基金组织信用的平均总体使用量(按实际价值计算)增加了21%,而从80年代到1991年至2005年期间,这一数字又增加了略高于22%。另一项研究表明,自1950年以来,仅非洲大陆就从国际货币基金组织、世界银行及其...