Darwinian evolution has to provide an explanation for cooperative behaviour. Theories of cooperation are based on kin selection (dependent on genetic relatedness)1,2, group selection3,4,5 and reciprocal altruism
resolution is roughly a fewnanometresusingTEguns, and close to 1nm using FE guns. If the flux is low, it takes a long time to obtain an EDS spectrum with sufficient S/N ratio, and the specimen or probe may drift during this period. Moreover, such a concentrated, intenseelectron probe...
In order to enhance the initial experimental dataset from 100 to 6000 signals, the virtual defect method (see section 3.1.1.5) is used and subsequently divided into a commonly used ratio of 6:2:2 for training, validation, and test datasets. The raw data has been standardized using absolute ...
Here are just a few examples of some popular use cases that you can accomplish on the fly by combining Cloudinary transformations. Click each image to see the URL parameters applied in each case:Convert format, round,change aspect ratio & crop to face,add outlines & shadows Place, style, ...
"Eccentricity" Eccentricity of the ellipse that has the same second-moments as the region, returned as a scalar. The eccentricity is the ratio of the distance between the foci of the ellipse and its major axis length. The value is between 0 and 1. (0 and 1 are degenerate cases. An ell...
Row and column dimensions of output image, specified as a two-element vector of positive numbers. You can specify the value NaN for either numrows or numcols. In this case, imresize calculates the number of rows or columns for that dimension automatically, preserving the aspect ratio of the ...
We used four different metrics: the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) [13], Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) [29], Delta E (ΔE) [7] and Structural Similarity Index SSIM [10]. 5 Results In this section, we report the results obtained by applying eXIE to the methods...
Aspect ratio Eccentricity Euler number Extent Solidity Use regionprops to measure a few of these properties and then remove regions based on their property values. % Use regionprops to measure MSER properties mserStats = regionprops(mserConnComp, "BoundingBox", "Eccentricity", ... "Solidity", ...
In the first pass, velocity vectors are deleted if the peak ratio between neighboring interrogation windows exceeds 2.3. This tended to remove spurious “spikes” in the data. A median filter is applied which removes or replaces velocity vectors if the RMS difference between neighboring ...
The ratio of correct predictions to total number of predictions shows how accurate is the model. Intuitively, a good classifier should generate a higher number of correct predictions and thus is expected to have a higher accuracy. However, the accuracy measure does not inform whether classes are ...