Under a Creative Commons license open accessHighlights: Abstract Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and macrophages are tissue-resident cells that play important roles in tissue-immune homeostasis and immune regulation. ILCs are mainly distributed on the barrier surfaces of mammals to ensure immunity or tissu...
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Importantly, despite the expression of HLA-DR, we did not detect T-cell co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules on intestinal ILCs from the majority of analyzed patients (10 out of 13), independent of their sub-anatomical origin (Supplementary Fig.5). In three CRC patients, low frequencies ...