Sarah has a sore throat and a runny nose. She thinks her runny nose caused her sore throat. In reality, Sarah's doctor discovers that she has strep, which caused both the sore throat and the runny nose. This is
Base-Rate Fallacy: The base-rate fallacy is an example of cognitive bias and fallacy that often occurs when a person has to decide under an uncertain condition. It is hallmarked by the neglect of the given base-rate information by a decision...