urban–rural gradients, NDVI values, and vegetation types. The cooling ability of vegetation exhibited seasonal and diurnal variations, with a special emphasis on the cooling effect of dense evergreen broadleaf forests. Our findings offer valuable insights and can guide urban ecological construction and...
The natural mixed forest [56] is dominated by conifers and broad-leaved trees. The main tree species include Abies firma, Tsuga sieboldii, evergreen Quercus spp., and Castanopsis sieboldii [52]. The natural broad-leaved forest is dominated by C. sieboldii, evergreen Quercus spp., Zelkova ...
]. The common practice for rubber plantation expansion in Xishuangbanna was to clear-cut evergreen forests on entire mountainsides and then contour ledges were built for rubber trees (Figure S7). Previous studies indicated that the mean elevation of rubber plantations established in Xishuangbanna ...