Frozen water is the most widespread type of ice present in ice caves and forms ice stalagmites and stalactites as well as floor ice, which is often several meters thick. Organic macroremains are commonly rare in this type of cave ice, which makes it diff
1A). LaB6 was used for calibration. However, the WAXS detector is tilted with respect to the beam path and we estimate the uncertainty in Q to be ± 0.013 Å−1 for the WAXS measurements. Wide angle scattering (WAXS) and SAXS data were collected simultaneously. Pseudo-Kossel ...
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First insights into the age of the giant ice deposits in the Eisriesenwelt cave (Austria) Christoph Spötl 1*, Jens Fohlmeister 2, Paula Reimer 3 & Haiwei Zhang 4 Frozen water is the most widespread type of ice ...
Table 1. Quality Index Method (QIM) scheme for raw whole spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) stored in flake ice (1 °C). ParametersCharacteristicsScores/Demerit points Odor Fresh to sea 0□ Neutral 1□ Weak ammonia 2□ Putrid 3□ Adhesion of the head body Strongly attached 0□ adherence averag...
It has been shown that cirrus composed mainly of small ice crystals can have both a positive or negative net cloud radiative forcing (loosely, a warming or cooling e!ect on the Earth's surface temperature), depending on the cirrus cloud cover that can be quanti"ed using the ice water ...
In addition, different factors have regulated Holocene Arctic sea ice changes. Although the Atlantic water inflow at intermediate water depths does not impact the surface sea ice through a direct hydrodynamic process (Fig.1a), the heat contained in it and subsurface Pacific water can be released ...
On this basis, Nash- Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), standard regression percent bias (PBIAS) and visual interpretation method were utilized to evaluate the calibration effect through the tuning parameter, which were calculated as follows. In the above three methods, NSE ≥ 0.5 indicates ...
This turbidity record was converted to suspended sediment concentrations by calibration with manually collected samples; 300–500 ml of meltwater was filtered through a pre-weighed 47 mm 0.45 mm cellulose nitrate filters (Whatman). Filters were subsequently oven dried overnight and re-weighed. ...
Water and ammonia are considered major components of the interiors of the giant icy planets and their satellites, which has motivated their exploration under high P–T conditions. Exotic forms of these pure ices have been revealed at extreme (~megabar) p
An ice bank control system for a beverage dispenser having a mechanical refrigeration system including an inexpensive solid state sensor, preferably a thermistor, located in the ice water bath adjacen