It is now possible to cruise the passage without much assistance from icebreakers during short periods in summer months. Maruyama (2008) examined various historic records from China and Japan and showed that major famines occurred in Japan between 1550 and 1750 (Figure 4e), in general associated...
She was stuck in ice for two weeks, which, added to the three weeks entrapment a month ago, makes for 5 weeks lost time this season.`Polar Bird'has a strengthened hull for sea ice, but is not an icebreaker as such. Clearly, the need for proper icebreakers to serve the Antarctic base...
The Service is seeking to improve data and presentation for all products sent to users at sea (icebreakers and other ships). A meteorological, sea ice and ocean product and distribution system is under development. Finally, FIS intends to improve data exchange among the Finnish, German and ...