Hydrogen to ammonia conversion ratio (MT hydrogen: MTammonia) 1:0.196a [58] Hydrogen to methanol conversion ratio (MT hydrogen: MTmethanol) 1:0.22a [63] Forecasted average global methanol demand (MMTPA) 148 [60] Forecasted average global ammonia demand (MMTPA) 418 [58] Forecasted average ammo...
Effect of limited water supply to hydrolysis of ammonia borane for hydrogen evolution is studied over the cases in which the initial molar ratio of water to ammonia borane (H2O/AB) is set at 1.28, 2.57 and 4.50. The conversion efficiency of ammonia borane to hydrogen is estimated from the ...
Hydrogen is used for the conversion of heavy petroleum fractions into lighter ones via hydrocracking. It is also used in other processes including the aromatization process, hydrodesulfurization and the production of ammonia via the Haber process, the primary industrial method for the production of synt...
The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate toward ammonia under mild conditions addresses many challenges of the Haber-Bosch reaction, providing a sustainable method for ammonia synthesis, yet it is limited by sluggish reduction kinetics and multiple competing reactions. Here, the titanium hydride electroc...
Electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia is a promising alternative strategy to the traditional Haber-Bosch process but suffers from a low Faradaic efficiency and limited ammonia yield due to the sluggish multi-electron/proton-involved steps. Herein, we report a typical hollow cobalt phosphide nanosp...
Rational design of electrocatalysts and photo(electro)catalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia (NH3) under ambient conditions. Energy Environ. Sci. 11, 45–56 (2018). CAS Google Scholar Rahman, M. Z., Kwong, C. W., Davey, K. & Qiao, S.-Z. 2D phosphorene as a water splitting ...
Finally, nitrohydrides such as Ca2NH are of particular interest as catalysts for ammonia synthesis.57Ca2NH has a rock-salt-like structure with two phases: a disordered phase with low ionic conductivity, and a higher-symmetry phase that has shown high diffusivities of 1.6 × 10–5cm2/s at 60...
In the case of ammonia production, where high hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratios are needed, the autothermal reformer is operated at high steam/carbon ratios. In the case of methanol synthesis, the required hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio is provided by manipulating the carbon dioxide recycle. When the...
Ammonia reforming • Ultrasonic • Chlor-alkali • Biological 2.3.1 Nuclear Energy-Based Hydrogen Production Nuclear energy is originated from uranium atoms splitting using the process named fission. Nuclear energy produces heat to generate steam, and the generated steam is employed to the turbines...
ammonia present in the reducing gas will broadly range from 0.01 to 15 mole %, preferably 0.01 to 10 mole %, more preferably from 0.1 to 10 mole % and still more preferably from 0.5 to 7 mole %, based on the total gas composition. The hydrogen to ammonia mole ratio in the gas will...