Hydrogen is a single substance made up of the element hydrogen, which has only one proton and one electron. It is the most abundant element in the universe, colourless, odourless, tasteless and non-toxic, and is usually found in gaseous form in the atmosphere [28]. Its chemical formula is...
Hydrogen plasma refers to a high-energy state of hydrogen gas where the atoms have been ionized, resulting in a collection of protons and electrons that exhibit unique properties such as high energy densities, mean proton energies, and electron densities. AI generated definition based on: Fusion ...
If the proton donor is fixed and the proton acceptor is varied when one system is fit into the linear function, the k and α so obtained are functions of donor's proton affinity, PA(D). Therefore, it is possible to obtain a universal equation to calculate hydrogen bond strength in a ...
The IRPD spectra carry the signature of H-bonded (EtOH)qH+ chain structures, in which the excess proton is either strongly localized on one or (nearly) equally shared between two EtOH molecules, corresponding to Eigen-type ion cores (EtOH2+ for q = 1, 3) or Zundel-type ion cores (...
The major isotope of hydrogen has just one proton and no neutrons in itsnucleus (1H-1).Deuterium (2D or H-2) has a nucleus consisting of one proton plus one neutron. Tritium (3T or H-3), another variety of heavy water (TOT),has nuclei consisting of one proton and two neutrons. ...
Improvement of transport properties and hydrogen permeation of chemically-stable proton-conducting oxides based on the system BaZr1-x-yYxMyO3-δ The structural and transport properties as well as the chemical stability of a series of proton-conducting oxides based on yttrium-doped barium zirconate w...
The protons can get through the electrolyte (called the proton exchange membrane) to the cathode, but the electrons have to travel through an external circuit, creating an electric current. For most purposes, including bikes, several of these fuel cells are layered together to form a fuel cell...
Nitrogenase fixes nitrogen to form ammonia, and during this process one molecule of H2is persistently produced as a byproduct for one molecule of N2fixed: N2+8e−+8H++16ATP→2NH3+H2+16ADP+16Pi. It is believed that proton reduction to yield hydrogen is an intrinsic part of the nitrogen...
This chapter provides a detailed account of one of the major fuel cell types, namely, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The basics and evolution of fuel cell technology are briefly explained. Major applications covering, portable, domestic, distributed, and mobility are elucidated in detai...
The invention relates to a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell containing a proton-conducting electrolyte which is solid at room temperature and on which ……- a negative-charging hydrogen-permeable electrode which is in communication with a hydrogen-containing gas space (H2 electrode), …- a positive-chargi...