We first introduce the unique physical and chemical properties of common DN hydrogels, and summarize the classification and preparation methods of double-network hydrogels with typical examples and mainly focus on the application of hydrogels in the environment. Finally, we discuss the unique challenges...
AdhesionDouble-network hydrogelNoncovalent interlinkCovalent toughenerTough adhesion between soft and wet materials is important to many applications in medicine and engineering. Examples include implants, wound dressing, and soft machines. Recent work has highlighted a general principle: tough adhesion can ...
For the crosslinking to begin when light is applied during photo-polymerization, photo initiators must be introduced to the polymer solution. In contrast, catalyst-based free radical polymerization causes the generation of free radicals and then polymerization to crosslink the network. Examples of suc...
supporting materials to enhance characteristic features of protein-derived hydrogels was noted elsewhere. LBG (Brito-Oliveira et al.,2018), xanthan gum (Cortez-Trejo et al.,2023), gum Arabic (Kan et al.,2024), and pectin (Yan et al.,2021) are some examples. Compared to other polymeric ma...
Examples include physical methods, such as negative pressure wound therapy7 and real-time sensing applications that can support clinical decision making (e.g. when to change dressings8) and enable the early detection of infection9 (e.g. WoundSense, Ohmedics Ltd). Electrical ...
[22,23,24]. Representative examples are the 3D/4D printing of biodegradable scaffolds (e.g., polycaprolactone) for post-seeding of cells [25,26,27,28,29] and 3D bioprinting with cell-encapsulated inks [30,31,32]. To date, most printing approaches have focused on tissue engineering to ...
invasive mannerprior to solidifying or gelling within the desired tissue.Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyleneoxide) (known as Poloxamers) and homopolymers orcopolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) aretypical examples of thermosensitive polymers of negativethermoreversible hydrogels ...
Fig. 1. Some examples of methods to crosslink hydrogels and their biomedical applications. S. Cascone and G. Lamberti International Journal of Pharmaceutics 573 (2020) 118803 2 2. Applications Hydrogels are a unique class of materials: they are hydrophilic, self- supporting, three-dimensional vis...
Although many “patches” and “adhesives” were designed, at present, there is still no “universal” or perfect adhesive hydrogel wound dressing. As mentioned before, common hydrogels can only address the staged problems in the entire repair process. This is due to the complexity of wound repa...
Physical Double-Network Hydrogel Adhesives with Rapid Shape Adaptability, Fast Self-Healing, Antioxidant and NIR/pH Stimulus-Responsiveness for Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infection and Removable Wound Dressing Adv. Funct. Mater., 30 (2020), p. 1910748 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar [37] W.R. Zhuan...