Any substance (molecule) capable of inducing a specific immune response (humoral or cellular) against that substance, or can be recognized by products of an immune response, such as antibodies or lymphocytes, is commonly called an antigen. ...
of or relating to a body fluid, as in humoral immunity produced by antibodies carried in lymph. Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005 Humoral Pertaining to or derived from a body fluid. The humoral part of the immune system incl...
In a patient with primary immune deficiency and a very low level of IgG (<100 mg/dL), the specific antibody response is likely to be absent for both TD and TI antigens.1 However, in patients with secondary antibody deficiency due to protein loss (chylothorax, lymphangiectasia, etc.) spec...
(chemoreceptors) and nerve centers, causing various reactions humorally or reflexively. For example, if intensification of physical exertion elevates the CO2level in the blood, this elevated level itself excites the respiratory center, which leads to an intensification of respiration and elimination of...
The humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for the clearance of the virus and also plays a key role for the prevention of viral reinfection. It has been extensively reported that antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 tends to be diminished...
Humoral immune responses in mice using gamma inulin preparations as adjuvants for hepatitis B vaccines. Leslie D E,Nicholson S,Dimitrakakis M,Johnston N,Gust I D. Immunology and Cell Biology . 1990Humoral immune responses in mice using gamma inulin preparations as adjuvants for hepatitis B ...
A new study provides mechanistic insights into how live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines (LAVs) can protect monkeys from infection with pathogenic SIV. The authors show that replicating LAVs stimulate a protective immune response from a safe haven in the germinal centers of ly...
Amounts effective, can also result in a tolerogenic immune response in a subject to an antigen, such as a therapeutic macromolecule. In other embodiments, the amounts effective can involve enhancing the level of a desired response, such as a therapeutic endpoint or result. The achievement of ...
(27). In general, the immune response is most specific against the immunizing antigen. However, if the immune system had been exposed previously to an antigen that was (probably either at the level of the B cell or the helper T cell) cross-reactive to a second antigen, the immune ...
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