“It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.” 1. What does the underlined word “trade-offs” refer to in the ...
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Our cells require proteins, which are composed of individual amino acids connected in a long chain, to perform important functions. These amino acids are delivered to protein-building machinery by another molecule called a tRNA. Amino acids and tRNAs are attached together, or charged, by an enzym...
Then other yeast enzymes convert one kind of sugar molecule to another. Still other enzyme reactions break apart the sugar molecule (composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms) into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. The series of reactions provides the yeast cells with the energy necessary ...
body plan that severely limits the size that an insect can become. It is for this reason that insects are all small. This defect is somewhat overcome by social insects. A swarm of social insects can seem like a single large body that is composed of hundreds of thousands of living "cells...
five of them were Plasmalogens. Plasmalogens are found in various human tissues, especially in the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular system, and have a role in signal transduction, membrane dynamics and in protecting cells from reactive oxygen species damage48. All eight metabolites that were enric...
In the same way that an army composed of warriors, nurses, and technicians would likely outperform one that only has warriors, groups of specializing agents can be more fit than groups with less variation. Variation improves decision-making. In AI, it is an iron law that an ensemble of AI...
For this purpose, two distinct infection assays were performed which, together, provide complementary information on different aspects of the replication kinetics of these strains. The single-cycle (SC) assay is done with infection at high MOI (3 PFU/cell) such that all cells are infected approx...
of amoebae [18,35,36,37,38]. Furthermore, the capsid surface was found to have fibril processes covered with 150-nm-thick fibres composed of peptidoglycan—an element typical of bacteria [49,62,82,87,88]. Such fibres are absent in other NCLDVs occurring in protozoa, although their ...
ISH results with an ERV3 probe. Based on our previous Northern blot analysis of ERV3 and RT-PCRs of ERV3 7q11 and HERV-E(4-1) of others, we knew that there was a difference in expression both between organs and between individuals (4, 66). Since a tissue is composed of several ...