Modern population genomics, mostly employing selection-neutral DNA markers and sequences, allow us to understand the diversity and population structure of pathogens, and to draw inferences on the isolation and/or connectivity of their populations and on their probable center of origin. As for agricult...
Vavilovian mimicry is an evolutionary process by which weeds evolve to resemble domesticated crop plants and is thought to be the result of unintentional selection by humans. Unravelling its molecular mechanisms will extend our knowledge of mimicry and contribute to our understanding of the origin and...
According to the arrangement of repeating units, repeats can be classified into two types: tandem repeats (TRs) and interspersed repeats24, as depicted in Fig.1(b). Interspersed repeats, also known astransposonsorTEs, consist of DNA and RNA transposons25. Generally, TRs refer to a sequence arr...
HindIII-Bam HI-fragment of DNA that is a fragment of human b-interferon chromosomal gene; gene bla encoding b-lactamase; gene Sm/Sp encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectomycin; gene NP, TII encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II providing resistance of transgenic plants to kanamycin, and...
while another spaceflight study usingArabidopsisfound a PR-1-like gene to be the most downregulated DEG compared to normal gravity control64. Exposure to microgravity has been proposed as comparable to pathogen exposure in terms of DEG overlap31. Future studies exposing plants to pathogens in microgr...
Since at that time the maximum number of DNA bases that could be sequenced in a single experiment, was around a few hundred, and the size of even the smallest of the human chromosomes was more than 100 million bp, a way had to be found to stitch together long DNA sequences from large...
We demonstrate a 5 to 10 fold increase in accumulation levels of the "synaptic" splice variant of human acetylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing the optimized gene as compared to the native human sequence. Both transient expression assays and stable transformants demonstrated conspic...
Analysis of DNA from human embryo fibroblasts showed that ten Eco RI fragments were hybridizable with the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene (v-yes). Four of the Eco RI fragments were assigned to chromosome 18 and one to chromosome 6. There was evidence for multiple copies of yes-related genes...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a translation-dependent RNA degradation pathway that is important for the elimination of faulty, and the regulation of normal, mRNAs. The molecular details of the early steps in NMD are not fully understood but previ
This paper critically discusses the increasing trend in human microbiome research to draw on the concept of race. This refers to the attempt to investigate the microbial profile of certain social and ethnic groups as embodied racial traits. Here, race is