Human activities–plowing the land, cutting the forests, grazing the grassland, warming the air, and exposing soil to wind and water erosion–are destroying our planetary life-sustaining ecosystems. Over the 40-year period to 2012, more than half the animals on Earth disappeared. Unless we make...
It will also lead to flooding in coastal cities and the erosion of coastlines. Human activity is clearly causing the climate to change and, as a result, this is having a number of effects on the planet. It is important that we try to reduce our negative impact on the planet as much ...
But the dark side of life is looming, as war, climate change and global warming threaten us. Pesticides, pollutants, emissions and spills, make us and the environment unhealthy. Environmental agencies race to save a species in peril, but environmental change and disasters are increasing, leaving ...
Human pressures on coastlines are increasing globally, particularly on urban beaches where maintenance of sand budgets and erosion control are the main focus of current shoreline management. By contrast, biological attributes are rarely considered and few, if any, ecological indicators are routinely ...
The overall trend of vegetation was degradation (i.e. desertification) based on the slope of actual NPP throughout the whole basin, al- though slightly increasing, moderate increasing, and significantly increasing of actual NPP occurred in parts of the basin (Fig. 5a). Moreover, the areas of...
while naïve T cells and memory T cells maintain their basic functions by increasing the FAO rate.57,58,59Although Teffcells rely mainly on glycolysis for energy, CD8+T cells that undergo enhanced FAO exhibit stable antitumor functions even under conditions of low glucose and oxygen levels. By...
We found that the inter-annual trend in mean yearly rainfall was relatively uniform, with slightly increasing rainfall amounts in recent years (Fig. 3d). The increase towards the end of the study period supports the observations of the varying increase in rainfall amounts over parts of the NGS...
Bruun P (1962) Sea level rise as a cause of shore erosion. Journal of Waterways and Harbors Division (ASCE) 88:116–130 Google Scholar Buddemeier RW, Smith SV (1988) Coral reef research in an era of rapidly rising sea level: Predictions and suggestions for long-term research. Coral Reefs...
When purines are in deficit, the energy intensive de novo pathway is upregulated to meet increasing purine demand. Briefly, de novo purine synthesis pathway begins with the consumption of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), and terminates with the production of IMP. The entire de novo pathway is...
Various types of viral diseases are emerging as the largest menace human beings have faced in the last few decades. Since the arrival of human immunodeficiency virus, the world has seen the emergence of deadly viruses like bird flu, Ebola, Nypah, Hanta,