As in the original Jorgenson–Fraumeni accounts, both market and nonmarket components of human capital are measured. To measure these separate components, we begin by measuring market yearly income and nonmarket yearly income separately. Market yearly income is measured using average wage, salary, and...
researchers have explored the role of human capital in economic development. For decades, studies used measures of schooling as a proxy for human capital18,19,20. This applies even to the most prominent index of human capital to date, the United Nation’s human development...
The human capital is one of the important components for growing industrialization, innovations, scientific research, education and formation of the higher skilled workers. The main aim of the study is to provide an analysis of the human capital impact on sustainable economic growth. We used the ...
Human capitalHistorical seriesImputationCompositeWeightsWe build retrospective series for the Human Assets Index from the United Nations—Committee for Development Policy data. The HAI is a composite index which includes health and education components. Our series cover 145 developing countries for the ...
Using health, survival and education data, the index combines five indicators which are child survival, school enrolment, quality of learning, healthy growth and adult survival into a single index ranging between 0-1. The three components are combined by multiplying the coefficient for survival (pro...
Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted, and principal components were extracted based on eigenvalues exceeding 1 (Bertin & Mavoori, 2022; Afandi et al., 2017). When the three variables from every sampled year (2010, 2014, and 2018) were aggregated into one principal comp...
The HHC index experienced a significant increase in 2009 due to the implementation of the new medical reform plan that year. Table 3 Health Human Capital Index in China from 2005 to 2019. Full size table The macro HHC of 31 provinces and cities at the regional level (refer to Table 4) ...
Job Satisfaction Attitudes to work and work issues – (Questions fall into three distinct components JS 1,2 and 3)JS1 in generalI am satisfied with my present jobI am satisfied with my present job.I am satisfied with my hours of workI am satisfied with my earnings from my current jobMy...
The other four terms are the immigrant specific components of the wage gap. The third term is the country of birth's GDP direct effect. The fourth and fifth terms respectively reflect the impact of immigrant quality of education and quality of work experience. The last term reflects the ...
Today, human capital theory is often further dissected in order to quantify components known as “intangibles” such as cultural capital, social capital, and intellectual capital. Cultural Capital Cultural capital is the combination of knowledge and intellectual skills that enhance a person’s ability ...