Some cells, like HeLa cells, are easy totransfectwith lipid reagents. Others, like stem cells, primary neurons and unstimulated T and B cells, not so much. For these,electroporationhas become the method of choice, with researchers resorting to more involved methods, such asviral transductio...
The gene gun is a device used to transfect cells with foreign DNA by bombarding the target cells with DNA-coated microparticles. It was originally developed using plant tissue as the target but can also be used with yeast, bacteria, mammalian cell lines, and insects. In plants, it is one ...
With this, we have attempted to understand what occurs when a gene is inhibited/removed, or if we can influence the phenotype of cells or organisms by adding or exchanging genes (knock-in, KI) (Figure 1). Although, these experiments have produced a trove of valuable data, it ...
Here we address this question with a series of substrates that systematically increases the predicted barrier to ligation in increments and determine in cells how this has an impact on the balance between low-fidelity ligation of a pair of ends versus ligation of these ends after they have first...
In early 1990s, direct expression of external mRNA molecules in host animals for therapeutic effects was first tested by delivering RNA vectors encoding a reporter gene such as luciferase and β-galactosidase into murine muscle cells and transfecting vasopressin mRNA into rats to reverse Diabetes-Insip...
Successful clinical use of DNA vaccines may require combined employment of all of these parameters, and combination treatment with additional drugs. Keywords: DNA vaccine; nano carrier; promotor; transgene; adjuvant; antigen presenting cells; dendritic cell; macrophage 1. Introduction Compared to ...
Furthermore, VNPs can be targeted to particular tissue or cells. Finally, the production and purification of VNPs from plants are rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally safe (compared with conventional nanoparticles) and can easily be scaled up depending on demand [31]. There are two main ...