Conventionally, in NLP we treat punctuation marks (like ‘,’ or ‘.’) as tokens as well. To solve this, I will first add padding in the form of two spaces to every punctuation mark. Here’s the code for that small preprocessing, plus loading the corpus: corpus = "" for file_name...
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How to solve common problems with GAMs Here I’ll provide solutions to some common problems I run into when fitting GAMs with mgcv and ways to solve them. The four problems are: Categorical variables should be input to gam() as factors ...
it requires a lot of computation to do this random guess correctly. To solve this problem, one can use Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods such as discussed in Episode 21 to make these random guesses. Once these values of the unobservable variables are randomly guessed, then the “comp...
q <- Re(s$vectors %*% diag(clog(s$values)) %*% solve(s$vectors)) (Edit November 2019:clogis a complex logarithm; for positive realx,x,clog(−x)=log(x)+πiclog(−x)=log(x)+πi. It is needed in order to handle negative eigenvalues.) ...
By following the steps outlined in this tutorial and exploring the additional improvements and applications mentioned above, you can leverage the power of PySpark and Decision Trees to solve complex classification problems on large, distributed datasets.More...
In this post we discuss how to write an R script to solve any Sudoku puzzle. There are some R packages to handle this, but in our case, we’ll write our own solution. For our purposes, we’ll assume the input Sudoku is a 9×9 grid. At the end result, eac
of the most important computational tools in modern science and engineering is the Monte Carlo method. This method, like the famous casino after which it is named, relies fundamentally on chance. In essence, it attempts to approximately solve hard mathematical problems using multiple random guesses....
UPDATE: Adpated to work with with Llama 3 and added results. Motivation Before ChatGPT, we typically used encoder (discriminative) models to solve specific tasks such as classification and question answering. In fact, many of the SOTA results for these kind of tasks appear to have got stuck...
Those traits were uniquely determined for each given matrix L by a known (from the English literature) VAMC (virtual absorbing Markov chain) technique, while their variations for different years t pointed out the need to solve a mathematical problem of finding the geometric mean ( G ) of five...