Various boundaries, such as the transition to high confinement, density limits, and power exhaust requirements, impose limits on the safe and efficient ope
Using the wrong valve can reduce the flow rate and make it difficult to maintain your filtration system or even leach metal into your aquarium water. Here’s what you need to know about aquarium-safe valves and how to choose the right valve for your setup. VALVES to AVOID Let’s start ...
The balance equations to a continuous plug flow recycle reactor performing a protease-mediated autocatalytic reaction were analytically developed under the assumption of a Michaelis-Menten type of mechanism. The necessary condition for the recycle ratio that leads to the minimum reactor volume was set ...
Bremsstrahlung is a continuous spectrum of radiation akin to a “white light” source. Since most electrons graze a few atoms before they have the chance to sling-shot, they often lose some energy before they make any x-radiation. A whole range of x-ray energies is thus produced. The maxi...
air flow or gases like propane. Using the wrong valve can reduce the flow rate and make it difficult to maintain your filtration system or even leach metal into your aquarium water. Here’s what you need to know about aquarium-safe valves and how to choose the right valve for your ...
Flow in an Airlift Loop Reactor Inkjet Free Surfaces with Level Set, Phase Field, and Moving Mesh: A Comparison References Sander, R.,Compilation of Henry’s law constants for inorganic and organic species of potential importance in environmental chemistry, Air Chemistry Dept., Max-Planck Inst....
Nitrites are highly toxic to your fish, while nitrates are considered harmless, at least in small amounts. Now, I must stress this… harmless in small amounts. Over time, nitrates will build up in your aquarium. This process is continuous and unavoidable. When this happens, you need to re...
Single injections involved introducing a specific volume of the liquid standard at one time, while continuous injections we used to help maintain a steady flow of the liquid standard over time. This aim of this comparison was to determine which method provided more consistent and accurate calibration...
There is also processing industry that does not work in batches, but uses a continuous process. This could be, for example, a grain milling process or a rock crusher to produce gravel. In this case the changeover (both time and wasted product from cleaning) usually defines the lot size. ...
Fungi have been companions of mankind for millennia. Mushrooms inspired our eating culture, and yeasts and filamentous fungi were developed into highly efficient cell factories during the last 100 years to produce many products utilized in different indu