To represent one piece of data of multiple types using type hints in Python 3.10 or newer, you can use the pipe operator (|). Here’s how you’d use type hints in a function that typically returns a string containing the username but can also return None if the corresponding email ...
In programming, objects can be classified into two broad categories of data types:Scalar CompositeScalar data types represent simple, indivisible values that can’t be decomposed into smaller parts, much like atoms were once thought to be. Examples of scalars in Python include numbers, dates, and...
In Python, strings are a common data type used to represent dates and times, but as data scientists and engineers, we’re often required to convert these strings to datetime objects to perform various operations, such as sorting or comparison. Converting strings to datetime objects can be tricky...
Comments that appear just above top-level (non-indented) declarations likepackage,func,const,var, andtypeare calleddoc comments. They are so named because they represent the official documentation for a package and all of itsexported names. Note: In Go,exportedmeans the same thingpublicmeans in ...
Generators as coroutines Take any program that performs multiple tasks. Turn functions that represent these tasks into generators by inserting fewyieldstatements here and there. Then run the generators in a round-robin fashion: callnext()
In this second example, we concatenated the string"open source"with the larger string, replacing the curly braces in the original string. Formatters in Python allow you to use curly braces as placeholders for values that you’ll pass through with thestr.format()method. ...
We'll begin our exploration of Python introspection in the most general way possible, before diving into more advanced techniques. Some might even argue that the features we begin with don't deserve to be called "introspective." We'll have to agree that whether they fall under the umbrella ...
While Series is a one-dimensional data structure analogous to a column in an excel sheet, DataFrame is a two-dimensional data structure with rows and columns and can also represent heterogeneous data. As pandas is built on top of theNumPylibrary, it is extensively used in the field of Data...
To compute drawdown, you’ll need to calculate the daily returns of the stock or portfolio. Next, calculate the cumulative returns, which represent the overall performance of the investment. Now, let’s compute the drawdown by finding the peak and trough values. ...
For example, if the number is 1234.56, you might represent it as “One thousand two hundred thirty-four point five six” or “One thousand two hundred thirty-four and fifty-six hundredths” depending on your preferred format. To achieve this in Excel, you may need to extract the decimal ...