We imputed the average amout of the income for such respondents while considering that they did not answer it by using the variable of no income information. (2) The distributions of age, gender, marital status, family structure, years of education, and annual household income are almost ...
The U.S. Census Bureau partially calculates the ACS SPM from imputed income and expense data from the Current Population Survey’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Respondents are considered poor if their family’s total economic resources fall below the SPM threshold. The poverty variable is...
The IES scores (PTSS) were imputed for 117 women at 3 months post surgery and 129 women at 15 months. Of these, only 9 women at 3 months and 4 women at 15 months had more than two missing items on the IES. Total IES scores (PTSS) could be calculated for all but 25 women (n=...
Missing prices for a specific product sold in a given store are imputed first using the average weekly prices of the same product sold in other stores located in the same state. Online prices are used to impute the remaining missing prices. I use the average tax rate observed in each store...
To avoid the further reduction of our analytic sample and biased estimates, we carried out multiple imputations (Grund et al. 2018). We imputed 10 datasets including all covariates, the outcome variables, and auxiliary variables (parents’ verbal intelligence at youth, their performance motivation,...
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Students’ intra- and, especially, inter-degree relocation poses significant challenges that tertiary education systems and universities must address to identify the best possible solutions for its reduction. Indeed, this phenomenon has a major impact on several aspects, from the reallocation of financial...
To inform future intervention studies, this paper proposes a standardised guideline, which consists of: (1) intervention design; (2) monitoring and measurement; (3) moderation and mediation; (4) reporting; (5) systemic effects. Given the importance of food-waste reduction, the findings of this...
However, even if one could put the right price on carbon emissions, it is difficult to believe that this will bring about the radical—non-marginal—technological progress and social change needed to wean us off carbon. “Economists like to set corrective prices and then be done with it, lea...
Social capital has been related to various aspects of health. While literature suggests that men and women differently access and mobilize social capital, gender has received little attention within social capital research. This study examines whether th