your bytes leave the application layer on Host A and travel through the transport and network layers on Host A; then they go down to the physical medium, across the medium, and up again through the various lower levels to the application layer on Host B in much the same way. If...
this error message occurs everywhere. You get it when you try to read a file that does not exist, when you try to change to a directory that isn’t there, when you try to write to a file in a directory
Understanding how to switch to root user in Linux is essential for executing commands with superuser privileges. Whether you want to switch to root user Linux, change user to root, or perform a linux switch to root, the steps are straightforward. On Ubuntu, you can easily learn the process...
This chapter is a guide to the Unix commands and utilities that will be referenced throughout this book. This is preliminary material, and you may ...
This chapter provides a high-level overview of the components that make up a Linux system. Although each one has a tremendous number of technical details in its internal makeup, we’re going to ignore these details and concentrate on what the components do in relation to the whole system. ...
scripts by double-clicking on them in your file manager. To achieve this, your script must have execution permissions, and you’ll need to use the shebang trick that you’ve already learned. Like on Windows, you may not see any output on-screen when it comes to command-line interface ...
Follow these tips to get Windows 11 to be more like Windows 10, complete with a different Start menu, taskbar and wallpaper.
Part 1: Overview on Last Known Good Configuration boot on Windows 10 What is thelast known good configuration boot on Windows 10? It is an emergency recovery option that boots the Windows correctly when it imposes a registry-based boot issue. Suppose the usual way of getting back to your sy...
Here’s how to add Composer to your development environment on Windows, Linux, and macOS and how to deploy a Composer-based PHP application on a hosting platform like Kinsta’s. What Is Composer? Composeris responsible for managing libraries on a per-project basis. It can be installed directl...
A Linux Operating System: You can use curl on all popular OS. However, we’ll use Linux in this tutorial. Terminal Access: You need access to a command-line interface or terminal to execute the curl commands. curl installed and ready: Not every Linux distro comes preloaded with curl. If...